Respect for Nature in Rime of the Ancient Mariner Essay -- Rime Ancien

Respect for Nature in Rime of the antediluvian seaman The Rime of the Ancient Mariner is a parable of a seamans crime against nature (pointlessly killing an albatross) and his repentance by blessing the lowly water-snakes. Setting the poem in the heart Ages in the then-unknown seas near Antarctica, the poet is able to make his narrative credible and give the reader what is called the willing suspension of disbelief. This seven part ballad begins as a tale told by an ancient Mariner who has grabbed hold of a Wedding Guest and captivates his will by sharing his wild tale at sea The Wedding-Guest stood still, And listens like a three years child The Mariner hath his will. The ancient mariner tells us about a great Albatross, At length did cross an Albatross, thoroughgoing(a) the fog it came As if it had been a Christian soul, We hailed it in Gods name. The Albatross brought a good south wind and enjoyment for the mariners. But then, for no reason, the ancient Mariner says that W ith my crossbow I shot the Albatross and from then on, Nature had her fury on...

God :: essays research papers

Anthropomorphism is defined as attribution of human motivation, characteristics, or behavior toinanimate objects, animals, or inhering phenomena. The Bible teaches many lessons for life, includinghow to be a good parent. In Genesis, the first book of The Bible, beau ideal is given human motivation,characteristics, and behaviors of a father. God sets rules and limits, he protects and provides for hispeople, and he punishes his people. In the beginning, God creates the world. He separates the dark from the light, the oceans from thedry lands he creates all wildlife, animals and people. The story starts in the Garden of Eden, inwhich tour and eve are living. God sets one rule for them and it is to not eat from the tree ofknowledge of good and evil. Although there is only one rule set on them, both Adam and Eve bothdisobey it and eat of the tree. Another rule that is set by God is that nobody is to kill Cain. Cainmurders his brother Abel and God puts a hybrid on Cain. This mark is to let people know that he isa murderer and if anyone kills him vengeance shall be taken on him sevenfold. In Genesis 96,God says, Whoso sheddeth mans blood, by man shall his blood be shed. This is saying that if aman kills someone else, then that man will be killed. This is another rule that God sets, even thoughthere are other parts in The Bible that will contradict this. God protects and provides for everyone and everything that he has created. When God creates thefirst man, Adam, he decides that he should provide him with a wife. He removes a rib from Adamsbody and out of it, he creates Eve, Adams wife. God provides Adam and Eve with everything theyneed while they are in the Garden of Eden. All their food sources come from the wildlife aroundthem. Food from the trees, drinks from the rivers, anything they need, they had. When God seesthat the entire world is turning wicked, he wants to punish them, but also protect the one righteousfamily that he knows of. He also wants to prote ct all species of animals. He tells Noah to build anark, and to bring on it his wife, his three sons and their wives, and a pair of every animal. By doingthis, God protects this family and all of the animals from total destruction. To be a

Solar Physics Essay -- solar physics

The star we call the Sun has a number of small objects circling around it. Many other stars in our Galaxy pull in objects orbiting them too and astronomers have recently discovered a few of these other systems already. The largest members of the Suns family atomic number 18 called planets, and one of these we call home. That planet, Earth, has many unique characteristics that en fit life to exist on it. What are the other planets like? We have learned more about our solar system in the past few decades than probably any other demesne of astronomy. The planets are no longer just objects up in our sky, but places we have been and explored---worlds in their own right. To give an adequate coverage of each of the planets would adjoin up a whole book (or more) Since this web site is an introduction to all of astronomy, I will not explore each planet individually. Instead, I will focus on the common characteristics of the planets such as their Distance relative to us, mass, size and etc .DistancesSeveral hundred years ago Copernicus was able to hold back approximate distances between the planets through trigonometry. The distances were all found relative to the distance between the Earth and the Sun, the astronomical unit. Kepler refined these measurements to take into account the ovoid orbits. However, they did not know how large an astronomical unit was.To establish an absolute distance scale, the actual distance to one of the planets had to be calculated. Distances to Venus and Mars were measured from the parallax effect by observers at different parts of the Earth when the planets were closest to the Earth.Knowing how far apart the observers were from each other and coordinating the observation times, astronomers could determine the ... ... ?Angular velocity = 36 degrees / 4 hours = 9 degree/hourFull time rotation = 360 degrees / 9 degree/hour = 40 hours With the subterfuge of radar, the distance to Venus could be determined very precisely. By timing how l ong it takes the radar beam runling at the speed of light to travel the distance to an object and back, the distance to the object can be found from distance = (speed of light) (total time)/2. The total time is halved to get just the distance from the Earth to the object. exploitation trigonometry, astronomers now know that the astronomical unit =149,597,892 kilometers. This incredible degree of accuracy is possible because the speed of light is known very precisely and very faultless clocks are used. You cannot use radar to determine the distance to the Sun directly because the Sun has no solid surface to reflect the radar efficiently.

Why Hamlet Needs To Die Essay -- Literary Analysis

Hamlets view of death morphs through the course of the play as he is faced with various problems and troubles that force him to deal with life differently. This holds particular signification for a modern audience who, unlike the predominately Christian audiences of Shakespeares time, contains an assortment of perspectives on the subject. For the majority of the play, Hamlet yearns for death, but there are different tones to his yearning as he confronts death in different circumstances from his encounter with his fathers ghost to the discovery of his beloved Ophelia dead in the reason, Hamlet feels an irrepressible urge to closure his life. There are obstacles that get in his way, both internal and external, and Shakespeares play is an account of Hamlets struggle with them.When we first meet Hamlet, he is moping around Elsinore Castle on account of his fathers recent death and his mothers more recent marriage to his uncle. In the first act of the play, it has been two months s ince King Hamlet was laid in the grounda fairly short time ago in terms of grief, but not so long that family members could not conceivably begin their lives again, as Hamlets mother has done in marrying her late husbands brother. Hamlet is still in mourning clothes, is wholly fixated on the loss of his father, and is positively mortified and revolted by his mothers unmingled indifference. In the plays first conversation between Hamlet and his newlywed parents, they chide him for his obstinate condolement for his father (1.2.93). They believe that Hamlets long mourning for his father is against not only the rule of nature, grace, or grace, but also heaven (Hassel 612). Thinking of death makes Hamlet an unpleasant person for the newlywe... ...zlw4MBx3Rc3yxAK4i00QEjov=onepage&q=&f=false.Gottschalk, Paul. Hamlet and the Scanning of Revenge. Shakespeare Quarterly, 24.2 (1973) 155-170. JSTOR Database. 13 Nov. 2009 .Hassel, Chris, Jr. Hamlets Too, Too Solid Flesh. The Sixteenth Cen tury Journal, 25.3 (1994) 609-622. JSTOR Database. 13 Nov. 2009 .Russell, John. Dust and Divinity Hamlets Fractured World. Hamlet and Narcissus. Cranbury, N.J. Associated University Presses, 1995. 39-50. Rpt. in Shakespearean Criticism. Ed. Michelle Lee. Vol. 92. Detroit Gale, 2005. 39-50. Literature Resource Center. Gale. 14 Nov. 2009 .Shakespeare, William. Hamlet. The Bedford incoming to Drama. Ed. Jacobus, Lee A. 6th ed. Boston Bedford/St. Martins, 2009. 340-393.

Graduation Speech: Take Off Your Masks :: Graduation Speech, Commencement Address

What an honor to be standing here tonight as a representative of the chassis of 2012 Its truly remarkable. We have all worked very hard to complete this part of our journey. I want to thank my kids Laddie, and Mate. And especially Ron, my loving companion. Without the support of our families, friends, fellow-classmates, instructors and staff, we wouldnt have do it this far Lets show em our appreciation. These three certificates Im receiving tonight represent a lot more to me than achievement of success. They are the keys that unlocked the door to a whole newborn world of possibility that I never new existed. Id like to begin with an Arabian proverb Strange how much youve got to know, before you know how little you know. ii years ago, I was a single mother of four, with a learning disability and 15 years of sobriety. I began experiencing anxiety attacks so I ceased procedure of a non-profit organization I founded and ran for 10 years called the Family Support Network. Even though I had received a number of prestigious awards and been recognized across the country for my work, I resigned myself to being a clerical assistant for the rest of my life. Though I had dreamed of going to college, it was simply out of the question. It was at this juncture in my life that something happened that I initially perceived as a tragic event, but it turned out to be a turning point in my life. The mask I wore for so many years that covered my fears and insecurities about myself was removed, and I finally had an explanation for my quirky behaviors. One day I collapsed on the job and was hospitalized - not in a regular hospital but in a psychiatric hospital. The doctors diagnosed my symptoms as post traumatic stress disorder. In addition, I was also diagnosed with a mood and anxiety disorder. My self-esteem and outlook on life was at an all time low. It was at this point I hit bottom - and to my surprise this became the beginning of my journey to fulfill my destiny. My doctor in her infinite wisdom suggested I supplement my therapy by taking classes in mental health and chemical dependency here at the college. Im sure by now you are wondering why I am overlap such intimate details about myself. My intent is to inspire and challenge you at the same time.

Graduation Speech: Take Off Your Masks :: Graduation Speech, Commencement Address

What an honor to be standing here this night as a representative of the Class of 2012 Its truly remarkable. We have all worked precise hard to complete this part of our journey. I want to thank my kids Laddie, and Mate. And especially Ron, my loving companion. Without the support of our families, friends, fellow-classmates, instructors and staff, we wouldnt have made it this far Lets show em our appreciation. These three certificates Im receiving tonight represent a lot more to me than achievement of success. They are the keys that unlocked the door to a whole new world of possibility that I neer new existed. Id like to begin with an Arabian proverb Strange how much youve got to know, before you know how little you know. Two years ago, I was a star mother of four, with a learning disability and 15 years of sobriety. I began experiencing anxiety attacks so I ceased operation of a non-profit organization I founded and ran for 10 years called the Family Support Network. Even though I had received a number of prestigious awards and been recognized nationally for my work, I resigned myself to being a clerical assistant for the rest of my life. Though I had dreamed of going to college, it was simply out of the question. It was at this juncture in my life that something happened that I initially comprehend as a tragic event, but it turned out to be a turning point in my life. The mask I wore for so umpteen years that covered my fears and insecurities close myself was removed, and I finally had an explanation for my quirky behaviors. One day I collapsed on the job and was hospitalized - not in a regular hospital but in a psychiatric hospital. The doctors diagnosed my symptoms as post traumatic stress disorder. In addition, I was also diagnosed with a liking and anxiety disorder. My self-esteem and outlook on life was at an all time low. It was at this point I hit bottom - and to my surprise this became the commencement of my journey to fulfill my destiny. My do ctor in her infinite wisdom suggested I supplement my therapy by taking classes in mental health and chemical dependance here at the college. Im sure by now you are wondering why I am sharing such intimate details about myself. My intent is to inspire and challenge you at the same time.

Influence Of Efl Students Oral Proficiency Education Essay

brass of meat is considered as most of import international linguistic intercourse. Institutes all(a) bothw here(predicate) the universe in divers(prenominal) states exact to learn this linguistic discourse in order to enable the pupils as this linguistic communication is treated as a planetary linguistic communication all over the universe. This piece of work will concentrate on the different ways in which College pupils that ar larning incline as a foreign linguistic communication influenced and hapless use in the kinfolk room or no utilisation at all is reported from their teachers. This is a really huge subject and the issue is one of the serious 1s that have attracted attending of different interrogation workers from clip to clip. This sentiment will supply realizeer with and in deepness cognition about the subject and the promotions that took over from clip to clip. After supplying an analysis of the work from different investigate workers and the earnestness of the subject this piece of work will fore state and concentrate on different countries related to the subject that feces be improved.It is a honourable known item among linguistic communication acquirement specializers that at that place is a disagreement between what schoolroom second/foreign linguistic communication disciples ar taught, what they learn/acquire and what they can really bring forth. This incompatibility has prompted second/foreign linguistic communication question workers to look into the map of expressed grammar direction and whether, when and how focal point on signifier benefits septroom second/foreign linguistic communication scholars. This incompatibility computems to covert up the premises vestigial Krashen ( 1982 ) s acquisition/learning hypothesis. Krashen argued that concentrating on lingual signifier was of limited value because it can merely lend to learning and neer to acquisition . So the Learners must besides get the cognition of how n ative talkers use the linguistic communication in the context of societal fundamental interactions.With the lifting value of communication in the new-fashioned epoch, people tend to concentrate on the ability to talk a foreign linguistic communication fluently alternatively of merely reading or compo utter it. Yet, eloquence in a foreign linguistic communication requires more than larning grammatical and semantic regulations. This is disperseicularly hard for EFL scholars because of the minimum usage of the see to it linguistic communication and contact with native talkers. Consequently, EFL scholars, by and large, atomic number 18 comparatively hapless at spoken side of meat, in peculiar sing eloquence and run of idiomatic looks. However, in radiation pattern, it is excessively frequently mistaken that scholar s communicative proficiency can be developed merely by delegation pupils subjects to discourse and promoting them to read part in assorted talking undertakings.Larg ely, surveies in EFL larning have addressed the emergency of pupils schoolroom interaction or unwritten fitting in category for the development of communicative competency. Rubin ( 1975 ) , in reporting on the properties of the beneficial linguistic communication scholar , claims that the ripe(p) linguistic communication scholar patterns and normally takes advantage of every chance to talk in category ( Robin, 197547 ) Holocene surveies have shown that formal direction can be genuine ( VanPatten and Cadierno, 1993 Long, 1983 Pica, 1983 ) , that motion-picture show to input entirely is non sufficient ( Swain, 1985 ) , and that schoolroom acquisition, irrespective of the focal point of direction, consequences in more acquisition in scholars than non-classroom environments ( Pavesi, 1986 ) .However, acquiring pupils to take part in talking undertakings in colloquy categories is a job that most EFL instructors face. Success in a conversation category may be defined as a s cene in which pupils are able to pass on efficaciously in slope. Therefore, heightening pupils communicative competency is the ultimate purpose of the sophomore(prenominal) college conversation category, which is considered as a needed class at Saudi colleges and universities for English big leagues. However, a job that most EFL pupils face in conversation categories is practical usage of the basic linguistic communication regulations they have learned. Even advanced pupils who have mastered signifier and vocabulary can frequently read and compose better than they can talk in a foreign linguistic communication. utilise the informations collected from observations, pupils self-evaluation and class rating questionnaires, this paper explains the grounds why most college pupils may non be willing to take part in assorted talking undertakings in conversation categories. It besides explores how college pupils perceive and measure their English conversation categories and to what and to whom do they impute their troubles in bettering their English communicative proficiency.This introductory chapter encompasses the statement of the job, intents of the quite a little, subject choice, research inquiries, significance of the prospect, restrictions of the survey every morsel pricey as premises of the survey and organisation of the survey.1.1 Statement of the ProblemSurveies in linguistic communication acquisition have addressed the necessity of schoolroom interaction to the development of pupils communicative competency nevertheless, acquiring pupils to react in an EFL conversation category is a job that most instructors face. It is of import to indicate out here that in Saudi Arabia, English is learned as a foreign linguistic communication for at least six old ages in mediate and secondary schools. So before their registration into colleges and universities, pupils have basic cognition of English grammar and vocabulary. Although much attempt has been made to better instruction of English in Saudi Arabia, the traditional grammar-translation method is still widely used by m any(prenominal) instructors. This led to the fact that most English big leagues frequently baffle it difficult to take part in terminology production undertakings because unwritten learnings were non focused in the schoolroom. Therefore, conversation categories for English big leagues at many colleges and universities are tough assignments. As a consequence their Oral English proficiency is far from satisfactory on graduation and the pupils themselves frequently voice dissatisfaction or strike at their ain deficiency of advancement in speech production.1.2 The Purpose of the SurveyAs old surveies have shown the importance of schoolroom interaction, this survey test to reenforce these findings. The chief aim of the survey was to depict college degree conversation category in visible radiation of the relationship between sophomore English big leagues unwritten pr oficiency and their engagement in category and other possible factors that may impact schoolroom unwritten interaction. Therefore, the initial hypothesis of this survey was pupils communicative proficiency degree is the unaccompanied factor that influences their engagement in category. A 2nd intent was to measure the effectivity of the execution of my part to this class at misss module of Education during the original confines of the twelvemonth 1429-1430 AH and to research the attitudes and penchants of my pupils towards the sorts of speech production activities that took topographic point during this 12 hebdomads class.1.3 Topic ChoiceDuring the first term of the twelvemonth 1429-1430 AH, I was consigned as the teacher of sophomore English big leagues conversation category. In such a category, pupils are expected to take part actively in the assorted talking undertakings in order to better their unwritten proficiency degree. just I was surprised to cognize that the majority of pupil s are loath to take portion in schoolroom interaction which led to the malfunction of any(prenominal) of these activities. This job has enforced me to select this subject for my research and I decided to look into the factors that led to my pupils general reserve to take part in the speech production undertakings during conversation categories 1.4 inquiry QuestionsThis survey addresses three chief inquiriesWhat affects sophomore English big leagues unwritten interaction in the conversation category? Is the unwritten proficiency degree the lone factor that influences pupils schoolroom engagement?How do pupils comprehend and measure their unwritten proficiency degree before and after taking the conversation categories?Would pupils schoolroom engagement be significantly related to their tonss in the concluding unwritten trial?1.5 Significance of the SurveyCommunicative linguistic communication ability, as one of the wide-bodied savements that linguistic communicati on scholars must develop, has been the focal point of linguistic communication scholars and instructors. However, an of import fact that needs to be given attending to is that most of the surveies on ESL/EFL unwritten English instruction and acquisition are conducted in English speech production states. So, consequences shown in these surveies may non stand for and work out some of the jobs that are confronting EFL pupils who are larning in non-native state of contactss. The consequences of this survey could good function as a footing for the betterment of unwritten pupil engagement in conversation categories where reserve and deficiency of chances to pattern English with native talkers outside the category are restricting factors. Therefore, this survey is of significance to the sphere of EFL unwritten English instruction and acquisition as it extends the cognition base that presently exists in that field.1.6 Restrictions of the SurveyGeneralization of consequences from the survey was limited by the undermentioned conditionsThe participants in the survey were limited to sophomore English big leagues and their instructor at Girls module of instruction who participated in the English conversation class in the first term of the twelvemonth 1429-1430 AH.The pupils unwritten schoolroom interaction that the present survey focal points on was limited to take parting in a few types of speech production undertakings that were used in the conversation category for the first clip. It should be noted that the class is held merely two hours a hebdomad for 12 hebdomads.1.7 premise of the SurveyThe undermentioned premises were made for the intent of this survey to analyze pupils attitudes towards take parting in conversation category speech production undertakingsIt was assumed that all participants of this survey clearly understood the points mentioned in the questionnaire and the written interview.It was besides assumed that all participants provided indifferent resp onses to the questionnaire and written interview to the best of their ability.It was assumed that few persons would hold a high unwritten proficiency degree.1.8 Organization of the SurveyThis thesis is composed of 5 chapters. Each chapter provides an apprehension of assorted issues that are fine to this research. The construction of the survey is as follows Chapter I comprises the debut, statement of the job, intent of the survey, research inquiries, significance of the survey, restrictions of the survey, premises of the survey, and organisation of the survey.Chapter II provides a reappraisal of literature and research related to the background of communicative competency, importance of schoolroom interaction and the factors that influence EFL scholars engagement in conversation schoolroom speech production undertakings.Chapter III presents an overview of research methodological analysis the research design, the scheme, attack, and an account of the processs utilized in carry oni ng the survey.Chapter IV presents informations analysis utilizing SPSS ( Statistical Package for Social Sciences ) .Chapter V contains the sum-up, decisions, treatments and recommendations.Chapter 2 A Review of the Literature2.1 IntroductionLiterature Review is one of the longest plus super important chapters in a standard thesis. The grounds for sorting this chapter as one of the mainly important chapter is it s in depth concentration on research carried out by dissimilar research workers in the yesteryear. This chapter in add-on will offer the readers by agencies of an in deepness cognition sing the positions as of dissimilar research workers every bit good as their recommended techniques to over come the issues of Students in add-on to their engagement in conversation schoolroom speech production undertakings.2.2 The significance of English LanguagePresents, larning English has puzzle a necessity all over the universe. English is the chiefly common linguistic communication that is widely used. No uncertainty, larning English requires get the hanging the quaternity linguistic communication accomplishments listening, speech production, reading and composing. Learning English as a foreign linguistic communication is one characteristic of that wide performance of larning. Therefore, non holding a balance flanked by those two spheres, English larning procedure will be opposely modify. Benson et al. , ( 1997 ) claims that linguistic communication acquisition is affected by both spheres which are the mental every bit good as emotional sides of human behavior ( Benson et al. , 1997 )The affectional sphere comprises emotions and psychological aspects that the scholar holds sing larning. No admiration, perceptual acknowledges that the pupils bring to the acquisition fortunes have been recognized as a important causal facet to the acquisition procedure. Those aspects can be enthusiasm, attitudes, nerves or bureau. They can be coercive or disconfirming fac ets. In recent old ages, the significance of affectional facets resembling jitteriness, reserve, enthusiasm and assumption has been of employment in the field of linguistic communication acquisition for the ground that of their high effects on larning a foreign or a 2nd linguistic communication. For this ground, Brintonet al. , ( 1989 ) name upon cut downing jitteriness and reserve and heightening scholar s enthusiasm plus self-reliance in the schoolroom model. ( Brintonet al. , 1989 )2.3 Theoretical ModelEnglish linguistic communication is a universe broad linguistic communication. It is an international agencies of communicating. The epithet of second/foreign linguistic communication talkers is get on than the figure of local talkers of English. Using a linguistic communication means pass oning through that linguistic communication every bit good as practising it. Bhatia, ( 1993 ) mentioned that larning a linguistic communication is larning to pass on through it in all mode s, all accomplishments and competences every bit good as through incorporating signifier, map and content . Communication is an synergistic procedure that requires dissimilar constituents. These constituents comprise lingual competency, textual competency, functional competency, socio-culture competency and strategic competency. However, competencies are gained through hearing, speech production, reading plus composing. The authorship accomplishment is the nucleus of this research. ( Bhatia, 1993 )2.4 Affectional AspectsCognitive sphere, affectional sphere and psychomotor sphere are indispensable issues in the linguistic communication larning procedure. The affectional sphere, as Bolinger, ( 1976 ) stated refers to emotions in add-on to chanceings . It is considered the emotional side of human behavior. However, this sphere is non easy to be scientifically defined for the ground that several variables are implied into it. ( Bolinger, 1976 )Affectional facets have an highly impo rtant influence on pupil s EFL acquisition. Stern noted that the affectional constituent contributes at least as much and often further to linguistic communication larning than cognitive accomplishments . So that, it is important to understand pupil s feelings and cognize farther sing these facets Communication in EFL is often associated by agencies of a figure of affectional facets such as apprehensiveness. Several surveies were conducted by the research worker to mensurate communicating apprehensiveness, whether spoken or written, among EFL scholars. In fact, apprehensiveness, fright, negative perceptual experiences of one s abilities in add-on to other jobs are associated to affective facets such as jitteriness, reserve, low sureness etc. In this research, English composing attainment plus impudence were measured. ( Mustafa, 1995 )2.5 ReserveReserve is an affectional facet which is clearly associated to confidence. Persons develop a set of defense mechanisms to protect thems elves as of either out-of-door or internal unfavorable judgment. Reserve prevents people as of showing themselves freely and comfortably. Learning a 2nd or foreign linguistic communication necessitates doing mistakes and larning often occur through doing mistakes. However if a scholar frights of doing mistakes every bit good as considers mistakes as a harmful consequence on his self-importance, he will fall into internal ( one s ego ) every bit good as external ( others ) menaces. Both are barriers to larning. In fact, the non-threatening and relaxed environment can drop pupil s reserve to the lowest grade. ( Benson et al. , 1997 )2.5.1 Risk-takingCommunication in a second/foreign linguistic communication requires some speculation plus viing. A figure of scholars fear to take the hazard and reply any inquiry unless they are wholly certain it is right. They choose to maintain unflurried all the clip to avoid doing mistakes or fright of looking pathetic. Such fright of seeking or world capable to doing mistakes makes pupils lose several opportunities to pattern the mark linguistic communication. St. John, ( 1996 ) maintains thatThe soundless pupil in the schoolroom is one who is unwilling to look foolish when mistakes are made. Assurance seems to be closely attached to a risk-taking facet when those foolish mistakes are made, a someone by agencies of high planetary authorisation is non daunted by the possible effects of being laughed at. However, EFL scholars have to be active and ready to do anticipations, conjecture and take the hazard of being incorrect. ( St. John, 1996 )2.5.2 JitterinessJitteriness is like any other affectional facets, it is non easy to be defined. Specifying Nervousness, St. John, ( 1996 ) in add-on provinces that it is associated by agencies of feelings of disquiet, defeat, diffidence, apprehensiveness or concern . Nervousness can be experienced in dissimilar degrees. It can be unconnected down into ( St. John, 1996 )Communicat ion apprehensivenessFear of negative common ratingTest JitterinessAnother classification of Nervousness was presented by Swales, ( 1990 ) Mediated responses when a scholar plays with his pen or hair and non steady in his go in or his voice quavers when he speaks.Unaffiliated behavior when a pupil avoids engagement in add-on to sits softly or is loath to reply or avoids eyes reach with the instructor.Image-protection when a pupil smiles or nods his caput devoid of participation while listening, gives a brief reply or might express joy to demo others he is interested in the conversation.All these reactions to avoid communicating in the mark linguistic communication show dissimilar sides of Nervousness. Jitteriness can be harmful or helpful. It makes the pupil watchful asset does good in his research or it can be a barrier to acquisition. Further, excessively much or excessively small of Nervousness has a negative consequence on EFL acquisition. ( Swales, 1990 )2.5.3 EnthusiasmEn thusiasm is one of the affectional facets that have a strong influence on pupil s success or failure. Wesche, ( 1993 ) considers enthusiasm a obscure term every bit good as a wide umbrella that comprises dissimilar significances under it. Enthusiasm is an interior thrust or emotions that move people to a peculiar action. A figure of pupils are enthusiastic sing acquisition every bit good as feel interested in larning activities. This feeling of enthusiasm depends chiefly on the instructor s ability to keep the involvement in the schoolroom atmosphere. Enthusiasm is affected by several facets as Wesche, ( 1993 ) mentioned involvement in the capable affair, perceptual experience of its utility, general desire to accomplish, dominance every bit good as forbearance and continuity . ( Wesche, 1993 )2.5.4 AssuranceAssurance is a basic demand in human life. Tarnopolsky, ( 2000 ) defined it as the experience of being competent to get by by agencies of the basic challenges of life and be ing worthy of felicity. It consists of cleverness and self-respect . Assurance has multi-dimensions which are planetary assurance which means general appraisal a individual makes of one s ego, situational assurance which means a specific fortunes such as foreign linguistic communication model plus undertaking assurance that means a peculiar undertaking inside a fortunes for example, composing in an EFL model. ( Tarnopolsky, 2000 )Furthermore, assurance contributes to all characteristics of one s life. To populate psychologically healthy, assurance is indispensable. It is the chiefly critical characteristic of the affecting facets for the ground that all are associated or caused by assurance. ( Tarnopolsky, 2000 )2.6 EFL Teacher s portion in building Students AssuranceThe instructor s function in building assurance is built-in. EFL instructors have to make a clime where pupils can develop their assurance, do them see success and seek to augment their assurance. Mustafa, ( 1995 ) i ndicated that success depends less on stuffs, techniques and lingual analysis and farther on what goes on inside flanked by the people in the schoolroom . ( Mustafa, 1995 )It is the EFL instructors avocation to make a positive every bit good as supportive linguistic communication larning environment. They can augment pupils attainment through using dissimilar schemes that make pupils show themselves freely, experience comfy and believe that the instructor cares sing them. In this respect, Tarnopolsky, ( 2000 ) mentioned that Warm-hearted interaction flanked by instructors plus scholars, every bit good as among scholars themselves, this friendly interaction is, in our sentiment, the chiefly indispensable facet in successful linguistic communication acquisition . ( Tarnopolsky, 2000 )Students can accomplish good and make their best if they feel safe. This occurs when the instructor behaves modestly, be a good hearer, attentions sing their engagement every bit good as makes the m experience they are worthy and efficient. Littlejohn, ( 2005 ) suggested a figure of schemes for EFL instructors to make a supportive ambiance in the schoolroomEstablish a norm of tolerance.Promote risk-taking and have mistakes sure as a natural portion of acquisition.Bring in and promote temper.Encourage scholars to personalise the schoolroom environment harmonizing to their gustatory sensation.Furthermore, Littlejohn, ( 2005 ) suggested farther schemesTeachers should make a positive schoolroom environmentTeachers should promote their scholars.Teachers should cognize their scholars.Teachers should promote interactions with other scholars.Teachers should construction larning to be flexible in add-on to supportive.Teachers should help their scholars acknowledge success.What EFL instructors have to believe in is that they can act upon pupils whole life plus might transform their hereafter. They have to let pupils to speak sing their involvements, feelings and do non see this as di vergence as of the topic nevertheless it is to enrich the topic. When pupils believe that their feelings are important to their instructors, so teachers go important to them every bit good as they will non see school as a waste of clip. ( Littlejohn, 2005 )Furthermore, besides heightening pupils assurance, instructors have the power to harm it. For case, knocking them or doing them experience inferior leads pupils to undervalue their abilities every bit good as be unable to win. In brief, EFL instructors have to promote their pupils and set up a positive environment non merely for low assurance pupils nevertheless in add-on for high assurance 1s to keep assurance. ( Mustafa, 1995 )2.7 Humanist ApproachIntegrating the cognitive and the affectional spheres in acquisition is the chief end of human-centered instruction. Abraham Maslow is one of the male parents of humanistic psychological science who foremost affirmed the function of schools and instructors in doing pupils experience sing themselves in the instructional model. After his age, several other research workers such as Dudley-Evans et al. , ( 1998 ) , called upon his position plus stressed the significance of humanising instruction. Dudley-Evans et al. , ( 1998 ) defined humanistic attack and humanistic instruction further than others. She is one of the innovators in the field of humanistic instruction. ( Dudley-Evans et al. , 1998 )The Humanistic Approach refers to humanising and personalising acquisition. Educationists who call upon affecting the humanistic attack into instruction emphasized that affectional instruction is rough-and-ready instruction . Humanist instruction attempts to unite both capable affair and personal outgrowth into course of study. On one manus, Stanton, ( 2005 ) thinks that incorporating the undermentioned five constituents leads to a meaningful definition for humanitarianism feelings, communal dealingss, duty, mind every bit good as ego realization which are the full re alisation of deepest qualities. On the other manus, Stanton, ( 2005 ) emphasized that humanistic instruction starts by agencies of measuring the basic demands of worlds . He categorized these basic demands into six countriesPhysical hostage nutrient, vesture, wellness.Love-attention encouragement, congratulations, physical contact.Creative look advancing centripetal capacities, researching new fashions of showing oneself.Cognitive command accomplishing comparative competence in basic accomplishments.communal competence credence plus interaction with equals.Self-worth-strengths stressed every bit good as failings played downWhat is clearly presented and discussed through the Hagiographas of these research workers is that larning is potently affected by one s ego and how pupils feel sing themselves. Stanton, ( 2005 ) maintained that humanistic instruction is a mode of associating that emphasizes self-discovery, self-contemplation, assurance and acquiring in touch by agencie s of the strengths in add-on to positive qualities of ourselves every bit good as others ( Stanton, 2005 )2.8 Hypothesis of humanistic acquisitionThe humanistic attack, humanising and personalising instruction is the mode for effectual instruction. It is in add-on the mode to accomplish the ends of instruction. Affective every bit good as cognitive growing has to travel side by side to acquire better acquisition. Educational transform for promotion occurs often in any institutionalised model, and further often than non this transform procedure is full of jobs . ( Benson et al. , 1997 )A figure of the educational transforms produce desired results while others beginning annoyances amid the main stakeholders. Teachers along with scholars, peculiarly, happen it detering for the ground that of fickle every bit good as insurmountable obstructions that they observe difficult to crush. Based on the theoretical model of educational transform plus civilizations of learning by dissimilar r esearch workers like Spanos, ( 1989 ) etc. , this piece of work divulges the demand for cosmopolitan prospectus restructuring in general instruction plus chiefly in the model of schooling English as a foreign linguistic communication ( EFL ) . ( Spanos, 1989 )2.8.1Cultures of Teaching plus Teachers duties in prospectus developmentThe consciousness of instructor mores can be outlined back to the early twentieth century, when McDonough, ( 1984 ) ab initio pointed out the segmented in add-on to remote disposition of teachers attempt in a schoolroom puting. Much shortly, thrust into teacher privacy augmented significantly in scope. However, a figure of important troubles in the probe of instructor backgrounds, which McDonough, ( 1984 ) disputed, at present stay unsettled. Since he set it, the central issue was whether there is a lone organic structure called the traditions of schooling that differentiates the profession wholly whether there is a diverseness of breach every bit go od as possibly even rival instructor traditions or whether the two one fashion or another coexist side by side . Furthermore, a figure of research workers like McDonough, ( 1984 ) etc. argued that a current religious order of uniqueness lives amid instructors. This is so encompassing that it might be measured a exclusive characteristic of the whole instruction calling. ( McDonough, 1984 )The facets that construct teacher mores varied are argued by ( Pally, M. , Bailey, N. , Camhi, P. J. , Bernard, R. W. , & A Carson, J. G. ) in their general reappraisal of North American literature on the traditions of learning. They portrayed the unsimilarities in age, accomplishment, sex, learning beliefs, capable issue, every bit good as place height amid instructors, in difference that the guess of a consistent instruction society is unsustainable. However, they appeared to overstate enlightening plus sub-cultural facets, hence overlooking a figure of generic characteristics ever there i n the instruction atmosphere. ( Pally et al. , 2000 )Johns, ( 2001 ) acknowledged the presence of those diverse civilizations nevertheless the absence of overall elucidation every bit good as agreement of instructor mores all through the line of work. He believed uniqueness plus conjunct cultivation as the chiefly widespread constructions of instructor imposts, holding that they were the beginning of accepting a figure of the bounds every bit good as possibilities of educational transform. ( Johns, 2001 )Inside any civilisation of instruction, the map of instructors as the main stakeholders in informative restructuring has been the Centre of fragmental attending to prospectus research workers every bit good as argued at length in the literature every bit theoretically plus through empirical observation. To look into what is go oning in the public presentation theatrical role of any prospectus betterment, Snow et al. , ( 1997 ) used Pickett s, ( 1989 ) impression of platitudes su bject material, puting, pupil, plus instructors to detect prospectus troubles. They asserted that the chiefly influential facet amid the platitudes is the teacher every bit such as in Pickett s, ( 1989 ) certain assurance that programme growing is finally sing instructor growing. At the same clip as examining the instructor in relation to programme, Jordan s ( 1997 ) and Mustafa, ( 1995 ) imagined that the pedagogue is an indispensable fraction of the programme created and enacted in schoolrooms . Pickett s, ( 1989 ) stressed the significance of instructors engagement in programme growing in add-on to direction in prospectus betterment. He recommended that overlooking instructors every bit good as rebuting their engagement in chance surveies was the cardinal motor national testing failed to be adequately executed in the schoolroom. ( Pickett s, 1989 )Teachers engagements every bit good as transform in instructors are both indispensable to the success of course of study reform. Mustafa, ( 1995 ) believed that transform in the course of study is non effected devoid of some attendant transform in the instructor, for the ground that it is the instructor who is responsible for presenting the course of study at the schoolroom degree. What the instructor thinks, what the instructor believes, what the instructor assumes all these things have powerful deductions for the transform procedure, for the manners in which course of study policy is translated into course of study pattern . Lewis, ( 2000 ) specifically claimed that instructor transform is non wholly an separately never-say-die fact. Rather, it is shaped by the communal model in which they work. ( Lewis, 2000 )Littlejohn, ( 2005 ) pointed out the demand for instructors to hold a thorough apprehension of the rules every bit good as patterns of proposed transforms in order to accomplish successful execution. He emphasized that instructors need to understand plus value the theoretical underpinnings of the intention. Further significantly, instructors have to recognize how the invention can be utilise inside their schoolrooms. In an geographic expedition of how a communicative instruction course of study was introduced and adopted in Grecian public secondary schools, Mustafa, ( 1995 ) detect that instructors failed to derive a complete apprehension of the EFL invention at that place. Their misconceptions resulted in negative perceptual experiences of the course of study invention. ( Mustafa, 1995 )Execution of any curriculum invention is closely connected by agencies of civilizations of learning as defined by Lewis, ( 2000 ) . Inside any teaching civilization, it is ever the instructors who play a determinant function in determining the nature and extent of execution. The success of course of study reform in add-on to its execution depends on whether instructors volitionally take part in and are valued every bit good as acknowledged in the procedure. Teachers apprehension of the invention is in add-on indispensable in lending to or hindering long-run success. ( Lewis, 2000 )2.8.2 The association with assurance and academic attainmentRefering the association flanked by assurance plus academic attainment, in their research, Jordan s ( 1997 ) explored the correlativity among three variables efficiency, assurance every bit good as scholastic attainment. Participants were 151 pupils. Students attainment tonss were worn efficiency and assurance graduated tables were administered to the participants, excessively. Findingss revealed that efficiency tonss had correlativity by agencies of attainment while assurance tonss had non. ( Jordan s 1997 )In Krueger et al. , ( 1993 ) research, the correlativity clearly appeared flanked by dissimilar characteristics of assurance plus academic attainment. The sample was 208 3rd, 4th and fifth graders regular and particular instruction pupils. A standardised attainment trial every bit good as Confidence Index was administer ed to the participants. The instrument of assurance comprised familial credence, academic competency, peer popularity in add-on to personal security. All subscale tonss linked significantly with pupils attainment nevertheless peer popularity did non. Krueger et al. , ( 1993 ) focused on the necessity of incorporating assurance and academic attainment inside larning experiences. Furthermore, in a study made by Jordan s ( 1997 ) , several surveies were conducted to happen out the influence of efficiency on academic public presentation. The functions of efficiency plus motivational concepts in dissimilar academic countries were investigated. Outcomes revealed that chiefly of those surveies indicated that efficiency had a strong influence on academic scenes. ( Krueger et al. , 1993 )If assurance augments academic attainment augments and if it declines academic attainment diminutions. In add-on, they measured planetary assurance so that the results were dissimilar e.g. , in Jordan s ( 1997 ) research, assurance linked by agencies of a figure of topics, while other topics showed no correlativities. In add-on, in Johns, ( 2001 ) study, a figure of surveies revealed a strong consequence of assurance on academic attainment while few of them did non. In fact, several surveies that measure general assurance or general efficiency failed to demo any correlativity. The two constructs, assurance every bit good as efficiency have to be specific in a certain capable affair or a certain undertaking when mensurating attainment for the ground that it is non necessary that planetary assurance appears in pupil s public presentation in a certain undertaking nevertheless it is necessary for undertaking assurance to look in a specific undertaking. ( Johns, 2001 )Consequently, chiefly of the surveies that worn general assurance graduated tables to happen its association to a certain undertaking are non reliable. In the present research the three dimensions of assurance were compris ed and were measured to happen if there is any correlativity flanked by assurance and attainment in English. ( Johns, 2001 )With mention to linguistic communication acquisition, the function of affectional variables, in general, and assurance, in peculiar, can non be neglected. The association flanked by assurance and linguistic communication acquisition has been explored. The correlativity was either positive or negative. For illustration, in his research, Hyland, ( 2000 ) investigated a figure of affectional facets ( consisting assurance ) that influence larning English as a 2nd linguistic communication. ( Hyland, 2000 )2.8.3 The Overall influence on the pupils Engagement in the ClassIt can be observe after traveling through the work of different research workers that the overall influences on the pupils engagement in the Classroom is non positive. This non merely affects their engagement involvements but at the same clip makes them the back benchers. Students who face the ling uistic communication issue and are non good in one or any signifier of linguistic communication that is composing, listening, reading and speech production starts wavering and this increasing degree of vacillation non merely kills their assurance but at the same clip a spread starts to construct up between these pupils and their co-workers every bit good as their instructors. ( Dudley-Evans et al. , 1998 )Students with the linguistic communication issues concentrate more and more on the manner to articulate the words right and talk really much like the manner the native pupils do. This idea comes strictly in their head to avoid themselves and the manner they speak English merriment for others. They do nt desire to confront any embarrassment due to this linguistic communication issue. Teachers do hold to work genuinely difficult and at times it becomes truly impossible to agitate these pupils and convey their assurance back so that they can take part in the category on regular footi ng. A batch has been researched, said and done in this respect nevertheless one may still experience that there is a demand of a batch more to be done in order to salvage these pupils from sing themselves as failures or dull pupils merely because of the fact that they can non talk or understand the linguistic communication fluently. ( Benson et al. , 1997 )2.9 Drumhead and Reasoning commentsThis chapter makes the Influences of EFL Students Oral Proficiency on their Engagement in Class. Different research workers have classified the serious manners in which this issue affects a pupil s engagement in the category in their ain manner. But one point that can be found common in all the above mentioned work from different research worker is the fact that the influences are non positive on a pupil s engagement and his acquisition procedure. Because the survey chiefly focuses on college pupils therefore the research worker would wish to do an of import point here that came to the research worker s head after traveling through different researches carried out in the past by different research workers in the yesteryear. And that point is that the concerned organic structures and governments should seek to drive this issue in the early acquisition age of a pupil. This is because in the early age it is far much easier for a pupil to decompose and larn what has been taught to him/her. While in the college age most of the pupils finds it hard to larn and pick what has been taught in a keener manner.The chapter compares and contrasts the work of over 20 research workers in order to do it easy for the reader to understand the significance of the subject and ill-defined links that can be found in the instruction and acquisition procedure. The chapter in add-on high spots in brief the different functions that can be played by instructors in order to assist the pupils to come out this state of affairs and take part with assurance in all the acquisition activities that takes t opographic point in the category room.

According to Kennewick Man in his article

IntroductionAccording to Kennewick Man in his article that for NAGPRA and other related efficacious purposes, the federal government defines native Americans as any tribe, sight, or culture that resided in the territory of the United States before historic European contact and exploration. At present, there are more than 2,000,000 native Americans in the United States, represented by 769 federally recognized tribes (See K. Man, Who are Native Americans? Past concepts of Native Americans).In Wikepedia, the put down encyclopedia stated that the term indigenous people of the America encompasses the inhabitants of the Americas before the arrival of the first European explorers in the late 15th century, as sanitary as many present-day ethnic groups who identify themselves with those historical people (See Indigenous Peoples of the Americas. From wikipedia, the free encyclopedia).On the other hand, the National Museums Liverpool published in its website that the people of west Africa had a rich and varied history and culture long before the Europeans slavers arrived. They had a wide variety of political arrangements which include kingdoms, city and other organizations, to each genius with their own languages and culture (See Africa before European slavery. National Museums Liverpool).Native Americans*Culture*Even though cultural features included language, garb, and customs vary enormously from one tribe to another, there are certain elements which are shared by many of the indigenous people of the America (See Indigenous Peoples of the Americas. From wikipedia, the free encyclopedia).*Music and contrivance*Native America music of North America Indians is almost entirely monophonic but there not notable exceptions. Traditional Native American music often includes drumming but little other instrumentation, although flutes are played by individuals. While the art of the indigenous people of substitution Mexico and Central Americas comprises a major category in the world art collection. Their contributions are pottery, paintings, jewelry, weavings, sculptures, basketry, and carvings (See Indigenous Peoples of the Americas. From wikipedia, the free encyclopedia).*European Colonization*In wikipedia, its researched stated that the European settlement of the Americas forever changed the lives and cultures of the indigenous peoples of the continent. In 15th century up to 19th century, their populations were ravaged by the privations of displacement, by disease and in many cases by warfare with European groups and enslavement by them. The first indigenous group that was met by Columbus was about 250,000 in number which were the Arawaks of Hispaniola and this group was enslaved by them.These European people also brought illnesses against which the indigenous people of America had no immunity (See Indigenous Peoples of the Americas. From wikipedia, the free encyclopedia). According to David Ruvolo that the history of America religion is dominate d by the aim of Christianity brought to the New World by European settlers. Time had run out for the indigenous race that populated the continent of North America. Native Americans were faced with an confrontation that was more advanced like with the Israelites of the sixth century B.C.E. (See D. Ruvolo, A Summary of Native American Religious).*Africa before the European slavery*According to Olaudah Equiano on his autobiography which he wrote in 1789 stated that the part of Africa which was known by the name Guinea to which the trade is carried on extends along the coast above 3,400 miles from Senegal to Angola and includes a variety of kingdoms. This kingdom is divided into many provinces or distinct. In one of the most remote and fertile of which is called Eboe. Equiano was born in 1745, in charming high-yield vale named essaka. The distance of the province from capital of Benin and the sea coast must be very considerable, for Eboe Equiano had never heard about the white men or Europeans (See O. Equiano. Early Life. Merseyside maritime museum).*Agriculture*As Equiano stated that their land was uncommonly rich and fruitful, and produces all kinds of vegetables in abundance. All industries were exerted to improve those blessings of nature. Agriculture was their headway employment, and everyone even the children and women were engaged in it (See O. Equiano. Early Life. Merseyside maritime museum).*Clothing*He continued, Equiano, which their manners were simple and their luxuries were few. The dress of both sexes was nearly the same. It generally consists of a long piece of calico or Muslin, wrapped loosely around the body, somewhat in the form of a highland plaid. This was usually dyed blue, which their popular color. It was extracted from a berry and was brighter and richer than any he had seen in Europe.Their women, of distinction wore golden ornaments which disposed with profusion on their arms and legs. When their women were not employed with the men i n tillage, their usual occupation was spinning and weaving cotton, which they afterwards dye and made into garments. They also manufacture earthen vessels of which they had many kinds (See O. Equiano. Early Life. Merseyside maritime museum).* dancing and Music*Moreover, Equiano added that they were almost a nation of dancers, musicians and poet. In every great event such as a triumphant return from battle or other cause of public rejoicing, was celebrated in public dances which were accompanied with songs and music which was suited to the occasion (See O. Equiano. Early Life. Merseyside maritime museum).*After the Europeans* tungsten Africans had traded with Europeans through merchants in North Africa for centuries. In the 15th century, the Portuguese were the first traders who sailed down the West African coast. After that, the Dutch, British, French and Scandinavians followed. They were mainly interested in precious items such as ivory, gold, and spices, in particular the pepper ( See Africa before European slavery. National Museums Liverpool).ReferencesIndigenous Peoples of the Americas. From wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indigenous_peoples_of_the_AmericasRuvolo, D. A Summary of Native American Religious. http//are.as.wvu.edu/ruvolo.htmIndigenous Peoples of the Americas. From wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.

Market mix Essay

REPORTTable of contentIdentify key characteristics of the intersection point.Review pricing policyAnalyse the impact and importance1. Promotional method2. rail line of distribution3. Level of customer service providedEstablish the components of the marketing aggregate.Identify external environment factorsIdentify consumer prioritiesAssess the marketing mixIntroductionBraaap began with the visual sense of making motorcycling more enjoyable and more accessible, enabling more people to experience what we love about motorcycling. Plan from the beginning was to build a World-Class Motorcycle that could compete with the custom built American race bikes, whilst still being affordable to the masses. With a dream of building a break cycle brand, braaap founder Brad Smith set out to find manufacturing partners that could build the ultimate motorcycle with him. As an eighteen year old baby bird with nothing to offer but a vision, he and an interpreter visited over 50 motorcycle manufactu ring plants one by one getting laughed out of their offices. last he found manufacturing partners that believed in his vision, believed in the brand. We now have what we believe is the best motorcycle range of its font in the world. We are the only motorcycle brand on the planet with a lifetime warranty, and we are the only production bike to win back to back world championships for our genre of the sport.CharacteristicsBraaap Motorcycles are the only Australian motorcycle company and the only tinkers damn bike on the planet to offer a life time warranty and customised dirt bikes. With the option of over 1000 colour and sticker kit combinations theres no wonder braaap are the family leader.1. Braaap Pro 50ccThe braaap PRO 50cc Is the final Kids bike Designed in Australia and Backed by Lifetime Warranty the braaap Pro 50cc is Loaded with safety features and top level specs including disk brakes, category leading suspension, restrict-able throttle and electric start.2. Braaap Pr o 88cc Youth EditionThe kids 88cc braaap features all world class componentry as the adults 88cc but features a cut down lav to suit kids. The braaap 88cc is a perfect match for someone learning to ride, with a 4 speed semi centrifugal gear box this bike is jammed with fun3. Braaap Street Superlite 125ccThe Street Superlite is an exciting addition to the Australian designed braaap range. With a mission to take allthing braaap represents and bring it to your daily commute. The street legal braaap SS 125cc is a superlight street legal motorcycle suited for the daily commuter or weekend riding with a power to weight ratio make every ride awesome.4. Braaap Pro Factory 190ccThe braaap Factory RACE Bike. Our braaap factory 190cc is the Ultimate Power house, race bread SUPERLITE machine. Featuring the Japanese Daytona Anima 190cc engine, French Frame, European Exhaust and Canadian Suspension the power to weight ratio will blow your mind If you want to go fast and roost ya mates this is the bike for you.Marketing mixThe largest moto fashion retrailer in AUS is the slogan of Braaap. The market mix strategies used at Braaap to become a successful company in business of dirt bike, correspond bike and mini bike. Pricing, Promotion, Products, Channels of distribution and Customer Serviced are the key ingredients at Braaap. Pit bike, Dirt Bike, Mini Bike and their parts and accessories are ready(prenominal) to shop online and in store. Braaap offers their own brand name bike or new(prenominal) major brands including ProTaper, Renthal, Daytona, Elka and Castrol. Braaap refers their bike as the best dirt bike of its type in the world. It is assembled by Braaaps mechanics base in Australia. There are 4 superstores branches around Australia. Not only bikes are the products at Braaap, other fashion accessories are the main products too. Action sports equipments, for example, helmets, riding gear, T-shirt, shoes, jeans and spare parts of bikes are available to shop.Pricing Policy and Customers PricingAt Braaap, the hurt of products is various. For the price of accessories and spare parts is divided into 4 ranges* $0 $24.99 * $25 $49.99* $50 $249.99* and over $250ObjectivesThe main objective of the organisation is to make their products affordable for people for this reason, Braaap alike offers the payment plan for those who cannot afford a bike with $3 a day for a bike. The law of demands is often referred as Consumer wants to buy more of a product at a low price and less of a product at a high price. This inversion of demand and price shows that the high price of products the less willing to buy. However, there are amount of people who purchase a higher price product because they believe a product is better in quality. At Braaap, they offer the products to attach customers at different level. The main customer of Braaap is a young-adult who has a passion in this sport.

Mr. Smith Goes to Washington Essay

Senator Sam Foley dies and the governor of a western state Huburt sharp Hopper has to pick a replacement for deceased Senator. Jim Taylor Happys political boss tries to pressure him into to selecting cardinal of his corrupt personnel. The popular committee wanted a reformer enthalpy Hill but the corrupt Jim Taylor was not release to allow that to happen. In the mean cadence Happy Hopper is struggling on who to select as Senator. bandage the governor is at dinner with his family his children start heckling him approximately who to pick as senator the children want him to choose Jefferson Smith the head of the Boy Rangers.Happy is unable to make a decision between Jim Taylors corrupt guy and Henry Hill so he decides to flip a coin. When the coin primer coats on the side next to the newspaper and the attend of the newspaper has Jefferson Smith on the front page. So Happy decides to make Jefferson Smith when Jim Taylor hears the news on who Happy Hopper is qualification senator he is livid but Happy reassures Mr. Taylor that Smith will be very easy to creationipulate and at the same time make the people happy. This is when Senator Joseph Payne steps in and also reassures Taylor that the corrupt bill that they are trying to pass while not be notice by Mr. Smith.Senator Payne then takes Jefferson Smith under his advisory and tries to make sure Mr. Smith will stay proscribed of the mood. When they arrive to the train station in uppercase Mr. Smith meets Senator Paynes daughter and is immediately attracted to her. When Mr. Smith finally makes it to his office the Washington press tricks him into saying subjects and quickly take advantage of him making him feel like a fool on the front page. Senator Payne suggests that Mr. Smith makes a bill to keep him out of the way of catching on to the corrupt occlude Bill that they are trying to get through the house. Mr. Smith thinks its a great idea and wants to pass a bill for a boys camp so he gets with his sec retary Clarissa Saunders who has been in Washington for a long time and is just waiting for a big premium once the Dam Bill is passed.Mr. Smith creates a bill to get the government to buy land in his home state for a case Boys Camp that will be paid back by eachyoung boy that attends the camp will shit to apply a nickel. This is when Senator Payne and Jim Taylor realize that where Mr. Smith plans on putting the Boys Camp is on the same land that they plan on building the Dam. Clarissa Saunders has a change in heart because she know Mr. Smith is an honest man that wants to make a difference and tells him about Senator Payne and Jim Taylors plan about the Dam. involuntary to corrupt Mr. Smith, Payne tells Jim Taylor he wants out but Taylor makes sure that Payne knows the only reason he is Senator is because of him. This is when Senator Payne brings forth to the house evidence that is not true that Mr. Smith owns the land he is trying to get the government to buy for the Boys Camp. This is when Clarissa Saunders decides to help Mr. Smith and tells him to do a filibuster to postpone the bill that Jim Taylor wants passed. They were going to vote him out but they were unable to with filibuster. It was Smiths last chance to prove his innocence he talks nonstop for about 24 hours trying to convince every one of the real motives of the Dam Bill. When Mr. Smith has no more hope and is about to give up he says a few thing to Senator Payne which makes him feel extremely guilty and leaves the Senate Chamber to try to commit suicide but isnt successful and this is when he runs back into the Senate Chamber and confesses everything that him and Mr. Taylor were planning on doing Payne confirms Smiths incorruptibility, and bellows that Smith was right about everything.Mr. Smith faced a lot of problems his short time as a Senator one of the problems that he faced was the Dam Bill and how Senator Payne and Mr. Taylor wanted him to just let it pass through coitus even though he knew that it was corrupt. He wasnt going to lower himself into being paid off or even a position as Senator for a very long to cloud his righteous beliefs. He was an honest man and stood up for what he believed in even though it al just about destroyed his name and kicked out of congress. A lot of members of congress should be more like Mr. Smith and not so easily persuaded. Member of congress face issues like this not to that extant but any(prenominal) of them are easily persuaded by other things like campaign money for someone in particular or even knowing that a genuine person might help their bill getpassed faster.Another issue Mr. Smith faced was how the Washington press took everything he said and turned it well-nigh on him to make him look like a fool. Even though he was very nave and didnt know a lot about what he was doing as a senator. They were asking him question about what he wanted to do while he was Senator and then put it on the front page of the newspaper and made it look like he was something that he definitely wasnt. People in congress have the same problem they have to be very careful about what they do and what they say because the press is always on them. One little mistake could get them in a lot of trouble. Just because they have good intention doesnt mean thats what the press will let the public believe. In the publics eye it can look like you are doing everything wrong just because of one thing that is in the newspaper.Members of congress could avoid certain obstacles by making sure that when they are selected into congress they have a clear view of what and how they want to accomplish when they are there. They must know what they are willing to do to get things done correctly and by not being corrupt to get what they are trying to achieve. Morals and being honest would be the way I would good you must have good morals and honesty is everything. A man or womans word is one of the strongest and most influential things they can g ive to someone.In this paper I gave a brief summary on what the movie Mr. Smith Goes to Washington was about and the characters that were in it. The issues he had to face while being selected as Senator and what he was going to do about being corrupt or being an honest man that stood up for what he believed in. He had a lot of obstacles he had to face to clear his name and almost gave up but when it got tough the truth came out and he his name was cleared. I also talked about what issues the members of congress face in todays world and compared and contrast it with what Mr. Smith had to deal with in the movie and what ways we could fix the obstacles that they face. In this paper I gave a clear summary of the plot of the movie and why it is not easy to be a Senator and how to be more than just a someone who sits in the Senate Chamber.

Commodity School

Marketing Theory Commodity School 01. 11. 2012 Sirket ad? n? yaz? n Bahcesehir University, MA Marketing What is commodity civilise and what atomic number 18 strengths and weaknesses of that thought? Marketing surmise has been discussed over years. Many theorists had tried to explain marketing thought since it was a separate field apart from economics. In order to indicate progress of the realisticness Sheth, Gardner and Garret in the book of Marketing Theory Evolution and Evaluation compiled all schools of marketing.They also argue how successful distributively thought is while inventing, implementing and distributing of those schools. On that paper, it will be tried to analyze what commodity school is and what its strengths and weaknesses are according to Sheth, Gardner and Garret. Schools of thoughts are formed by two dimensions of a matrix. One side is interactive-noninteractive while the other is economic-noneconomic. In first dimension, for the noninteractive schools se lling is the essential concept whereas relationship is briny source for interactive schools.In second dimension, for economic classification, the focus is economic variables such as production and distribution efficiency, prices of inputs and outputs, and consumer income levels. At the other dimension, participants of marketing activities cannot be explained by sole economic influence. It can be clarified by social and psychological factors that may affect the behaviour of marketing actors. With two dimensions of that matrix, commodity school is one concept of noninteractive and economic approach.The commodity school laborious on the physical characteristics of products and the related consumer buying habits for different categories of products. The most influential proponent of that school (Melvin Copeland) defined commodities as convenience goods, obtain goods and persuasiveness goods base on durability. Copeland stated that convenience goods were those customarily purchased a t easily accessible stores, when he recognized the want, the demand became clearly defined in his mind.Copeland defined shopping goods as the ones the consumer desires to compare price, quality, style etc at the time of purchase. Final part of his classification is the ones that have some particular attraction for the consumer, other than price, which induces him to put frontwards special effort to visit the store. For effectiveness goods, brands are essential. Copelands theory can be seen most inspiring theory for commodity school of thought. Theorists afterwards Copelands had tried to develop the definition of categories.One of them was Leo Aspinwall who launched a classification system using five characteristics to differentiate three types of goods. Aspinwall named his three categories the red goods, the orange tree goods and the yellow goods establish on replacement rate, gross margin, adjustment, time of consumption and searching time. Richard Holton asserted that Copelands definition of the categories of convenience goods, shopping goods and speciality goods necessitate to be revised. He emphasized that convenience goods and shopping goods can be defined accurately only from stand designate of the individual consumer.According to Holton, for the individual consumer, convenience goods are those goods for which the probable gain from making price and quality comparison among alternative sellers is thought to be small comparative to the consumers appraisal of the searching be in terms of time, money and effort. Shopping goods then, are for the individual consumer, those goods for which the probable gain from making prices and quality comparisons among alternative sellers is thought to be large relative to the consumers appraisal of the searching costs in terms of time, money and effort.However David Luck criticized Holtons theory in terms of dynamics of consumer behaviour. He claimed that Holton excluded the speciality type of good from marketing the ory. The next theorist Bucklin tried to explain the distinction between shopping goods and non shopping goods as a first point of differentiation. He classified that shopping goods are the goods whose suitability is determined through search before the consumer commits himself to each purchase. He subdivided non shopping goods as convenience goods and speciality goods based on their accessibility to substitutes.Until Kaish emphasis, commodity school could not highlight psychological side of consumers. Kaish was the prior emphasis on the consumers shopping effort. He assured that consumers had different pre purchase anxiety level for convenience goods, shopping goods and speciality goods. To him, as goods complexity increases pre purchase anxiety level also rises as well. After all those contributions, Ramond and Assael asserted that firstly, product as a relation between physical ingredients and psychological rejoinders secondly, the product in terms of consumer actions and channel response must be defined.In addition, Enis and Roering asserted that a classification scheme that incorporates both the buyers and the sellers perspective holds the greatest promise for light the exchange process. Finally, Murphy and Enis developed four commodity categories as convenience, preference, shopping and speciality products based on effort and risk dimension Enis-Roerig Commodity miscellany System Buyer Expected Effort / Marketing Mix Differentiation HIGH Buyer Perceived Risk/ Product Differentiation LOWshoppingspecialityHIGHconveniencepreferenceLOWThe commodity school has revolted during the process that is summarized above. Many explanations and opinions are developed by the theorists. However, there is whitewash unanimity for that school. Commodity categories are still tried to be defined clearly. It is still a dilemma if definitions should be physical properties of the good or on the behaviour of the consumers. If latter one is preferable, should the focus be on t he consumers moral effort or on his physical effort. In addition, the specification of hypotheses becomes contingent upon the diversity and individual differences among consumers.Beyond the potential variability among consumers, there is also the question of the possible change in any one consumers behaviour over time. Another point that cannot be clarified is how shopping effort is measured and, circumscribed and considerable levels of the shopping are distinguished in terms of operational efficiency. The points that cannot be clarified during evolution process for commodity school are listed. Although there are dilemmas about structure, specification and testability, the commodity school enjoys some easiness of theory implementation.Firstly, a researcher interested in commodity school could develop empirical simulations for the goods categories. Thanks to this simulation, he can modify marketing mix for a test product to determine whether market performance for the product could be enhanced. Secondly commodity school is valid for consumer goods, industrial goods, services and social goods. In addition, it is adaptable in global environment thanks to consumer classification based on diverse culture, psychology etc. Also, the commodity school cooperates with new technology.At last but not least, specific forms of distribution and promotion should accompany discordant types of goods. To sum up, commodity school is the one that many theorists have tried to structure and strengthen it. Physical characteristic and consumers psychological tendencies have been main factors that theorists have considered. Although it has dilemmas about structure, specification and testability, it can succeed to develop empirical supports, to enrich product categorization and to simplify in communicating and implementing the theory. With the contribution of each theorist, it can be seen as one of the most robust school of marketing.

The Phases of Life Essay

We are born to this world to feel hatred, pain, happiness, heartbreak, anger, fear, sadness, being trust and distrust, devastation, love and the variant phases of life. The unfairness and gladness, thats we called life. According to Albert Einstein, Life is same(p) a riding bicycle. To keep your balance, you must(prenominal)iness keep moving. Before you learn to ride in a bicycle, you must get hurt first but it doesnt mean youll stop doing it because hurt can make you stronger and braver. The two wheel represent your life, sometimes your up, sometimes your down. Always remember that those wheel has no edges, means you must keep going even if your on the road that full of stones. Stones represent challenges you must be brave and permit trust in yourself. That is life, in every disappointment youll get and every happiness youll imbibe, you must keep moving. Just like when my innocents lost, Im slowly facing the echt meaning of life.Way back when Im inside my mothers womb. Im na ive, unfleshed and my body and my soul covers innocence. My brain begins to go through development changes. At the age of 6, when my mind develops and I reach childhood, there were no computer games, no cable TV and definitely no internet. But, we did have a wild and creative imagination and playing with my sister and friends at our province. I experienced my childhood momentous memories with my best childhood friends at our province. Me and my sister guarded by my caring grandmother and cool three uncles. My parents are working here at Manila for us.Im contented with my life back then, playing Rock-Paper-Scissors, Patintero, Chinese Garter, hide and seek, strolling in our neighbours friends and finding ghost house, sleep over, roaming in plaza, locomote along the river, playing with my three handsome uncles, going to market with my lovely grandmother, storytelling with my superb auntie, eat so much food because you dont grapple what provide you look like when you get fat, you d ont care with your body and how your hair looks like. You forever look like a mess after playing outside the street, you dont care how your dress smells. It seems like everyday in your life feels perfectly. The only time you feel down when your palliate a child is scolding by your guardian and start crying not realizing that they are only advising. Your always alert to hide whenthey already have a piece of slipper or belt.Every time you remember the past memories and the funny things, you keep asking to yourself Did I really do that?. You will miss the stupidity things you did in the past. Less problems, free from complicated life and your still innocent. Everthing in this world will change. Our life is temporary so alert your life to the fullest. You dont know what will happen in the near future. Just like my life, many things has changed.Many years passed, after I leaved at my province and since 7 years old I already here at Manila with my parents to continue our study. I lost my conversation with my childhood friends. Because of environment Im living today, I found new friends and bestfriends. We forgot each other. They all still together but me and my sister separates amongst our friendship. This is life so we must accept all changes. When I was 10 years of age, my eyes and my mind opened in the unfairness of life. I cut how my mother felt broken and devastated when my father cheated on her two times.I saw her how she cries a lot. How my grandmother in Manila discriminates us when we was younger. How my cousins ignored and neglectfulness us. How my parents suffer when my younger sister always at the hospital in the middle of strong typhoon. This stage of life youll see the difference between real friends and fake friends, the respectable and disrespectable person you will encounter. If others respect you, respect them. If they disrespect you, still respect them. Do not allow the actions of others decrease your good manners, because you represent you rself, not others. Stop trying to please everyone to respect you, they will respect you if you are worthy respected.In the year 2013, the most important lesson I intentional in my life is to gain happiness. Despite of all challenges, trials, past memories, unexpected thing, random people you met in your life that leaves a mark and to the people who leaves you, always remember that some people go but some people replace in your life. There is one person who will change your pitiable attitude, accepts all your flaws and still love you whatever your past is.In life, there are always be unexpected things and problems happened. Wecome across many challenges that we inadequacy to end our life. That we think that there is no solution to our problem. Were not realizing that nothing in this world is bigger than God. In any decisions we will take, we must take the consequence and learn from it. We need how to handle it correctly and properly. Majority of us want to declare up but the one who wont give oneself up will be the ones to face the brighter side in the darker side of the day.Just like our life is like a riding bicycle, to keep your balance, you must keep moving. In order to be healthy emotionally and mentally, you should move past any bad memories. And look towards the future. I also think it talent be about not over thinking things as well. At the end of the road your taking off, that is your future. Believe in yourself, your confidence will fit you to success and happiness. Dont be afraid to get hurt, because getting hurt is a big part of your life. If you dont have ups and downs in life. It simply means your dead.

Picture & musical instrument Essay

In this picture, it showcases a man playing a musical instrument called bag squalls which ar heavy(p) and tolerantly used in Scotland and Ireland. Based on the composition of the image, the man is probably a musician from an average social class because his choice uniform is typically worn by comm iodiners probably during the Renaissance period. Generally, this illustration depicts an ordinary event in a musicians life in the first periods. There are many components in this image that great deal say the story of this single picture. Lines, shapes, color, shading and proportions are the elements that give life to a portrait.For the hat, it is a simple head ornament made from a plain fabric. The color gray with touches of brown suggest that it must had been used numerous times. The color confederacy gives it an aged look making it in a way look stylish. More so, the flower with a hint of light purple and baby garden pink colored petals that is surrounded by a couple of olive gr een leaves provided a natural component in the musicians head cover. At first, it may seem that the beautiful flower is wilting probably because of its downward position but if viewers would look closely, the loveliness of the flower resides on its faultless color combination which exudes harmony.Additionally, a two-toned colored feather is also present on the hat. It is seamlessly intertwined with the flower. The feather added life on this very minimal hat by dint of the blending of the colors gold and cream. Furthermore, the soft brushstrokes on the strands of the feathers give a sense of elbow grease. It contrasted the stiff but delicate position of the flower. Moreover, the feather and the flower displace be considered as accents of the hat that showcases the creativity of the musician and his love for things that possess simple yet striking beauty.On another note, hats are usually are worn outdoors during sunny days to protect the face from the rays of the sun. But on this picture, the black background suggests that the time was around in the evening or he was probably indoors which justifies the dark backdrop. Meanwhile, the relatively large brim of the hat had cast a shadow on the musicians face. In a way, his wrinkles were partly concealed from the viewers line of sight. But if it will be examined closely, the series of lines on the forehead and on the mouth area can be considered as the focal points of the facial causes.These lines indicate that the musician is probably in his late 40s or early 50s. On the other hand, the eyes tell a different story. It is hard to tell whether the arch of the left eyebrow and the roundness of the eyes signify an emotion. He can either be tone tired or impassive during his performance. The semi-closed mouth with ripples of lines along the cheek area also adds up to the anonymity of the musicians emotions. No outstanding feature can really be distinguished making it hard to determine the prominent mood of the pain ting.Overall, the musicians face was painted in details. The lifelike skin-toned color of the face accented by a small blush of red on the cheeks, the protruding nose, big black eyes, arched eyebrows, nude lips and the attractive facial lines made an accurate representation of a males physical appearance. Furthermore, the layers of wardrobe added more personality into the painting. The musician is wearing three layers of garments. In the first layer is a snow-clad collared long sleeve raiment which is covered by a red V-shaped long sleeve with a wide collar.The bottom of the red shirt is tightened by a garter producing sections of scrunched up fabrics. Also, it seems that there is a set of embroidery at the bottom of the red shirt which serves as the accents to this plain piece of clothing. It is evident from the collar line to the sleeves that the musician is wearing layered clothes. Also, the combination of red and white complements very well. The simplicity of the white is ba lanced off by the intensity of the red. The third layer is a coat which has the same color as the hat with a dominant achromatic tone but with touches of light brown and white.Also, the utilization of dark colors gave a slimming effect on the musician which made him look less stocky. The veneer of the coat has a similar shade with the red shirt but more on the orange side. Probably this was intended to give continuity and correct blending of the colors used in the outfit. The unit of measurement look of the clothes did not seem stiff because of the folds seen all over the layers of clothing. The folds were intricately added to add movement in order for the clothes to look like as if they were moving with the musician.More so, these folds or lines contrasted the heaviness of the coat which gave a fluid quality to the unit picture. An unusual element was present on the left sleeve of the coat. This object has a circular shape with three layers of different sizes ranging from small to large. At one end is a hole where a red ribbon was tied which was pinned into the coat. Most likely this object is a type of medal that represents the musicians profession or his achievements or this could just be an ornament used for fashion purposes.Regardless of its function, the circular object adds a touch of splendor to the whole garment. Moreover, the layers of clothing suggest that the weather was cold and that the musician needed the three levels of shirts to provide heat in order for him to properly play his bagpipes. Meanwhile, the bagpipe was illustrated in a neutral mocha brown color. Four pipes of varying heights and appearance were strategically strewn all over the irregularly shaped leather bagpipe. Because of the different sizes of pipes, it gave an john of elevation giving some dimension to a flat medium.Also, the creases on the bagpipe added some movement and tension to the image. Furthermore, the hands of the musician holding the main pipe were precisely dem onstrated. The veins, the nails and even the lines on the knuckles were accurately portrayed. The viewers can really notice these details which suggest that these hands have been through a lot of experience in playing musical instruments. Despite the rigidity of the details on the hands, the way the hands were positioned displayed softness and finesse which is a genuine mark of a talented musician.

A Study on Impact of Fdi on Service Sector Essay

The schooling aims to analyze the egress dynamics of the FDI. It intends to see whether the growth in FDI has any significant impact on the armed service sector growth and also investigates whether a growth in this sector causes the GDP to grow, also analyzes the significance of the FDI Inflows in Indian service sector. The study also looks into the sub-sectoral dynamics and indicates towards the fact that the trade, hotels and restaurants, transport. storage and communications sub-sector contributes the most in the growth of Indian service sector.FDI to developing countries in the 1990s was the leading source of external financing. It is one of the most important compareticle of national development strategies for most of the countries in the world and an important source of non-debt inflows for attaining competitive efficiency by creating a meaningful network of global interconnections. FDI provide opportunities to host countries to enhance their economic development and opens cutting opportunities to home countries to optimize their earnings by employing their ideal resources.India ranks fifteenth in the services output and it provides involution to around 23% of the total workforce in the country. The various sectors under the Services Sector in India are construction, trade, hotels, transport, restaurant, communication and storage, social and personal services, community, insurance, financing, business services, and echt estate. Meaning FDI stands for Foreign Direct enthronement, a component of a countrys national financial accounts. Foreign direct investing is investment funds of foreign assets into domestic structures, equipment, and organizations.It does not include foreign investment into the stock markets. Foreign direct investment is thought to be more useful to a country than investments in the equity of its companies because equity investments are potentially hot money which can leave at the first sign of trouble, whereas FDI is durabl e and mostly useful whether things go well or badly. Classifications of Foreign Direct Investment FDI is classified depending on the perpetration of flow of money. * outbound FDIAny investment made by a country in different countries lead account for outward FDI.Where as, all the FDIs invested by other countries in that country is called inmost FDI. Outward FDI, also referred to as direct investment abroad, is backed by the government against all associated risk. * self-whispered FDI Inward FDI occurs when foreign capital is invested in local anaesthetic resources. The factors propelling the growth of inward FDI include impose breaks, low interest rates and grants. FDI is classified depending on how the subsidiary company company works in par with the parent investors. * Vertical Vertical FDIs happen when a corporation owns some share of the foreign enterprise.The local enterprise could either be supplying the input or selling finished goods to the parent corporation. The subsidiary here helps the parent company to grow more. * Horizontal When the MNCs kick off similar business operations in different countries it becomes horizontal Foreign Direct Investment. It is actually a cloning that is happening here. both(prenominal) the countries enjoy the same share of growth. FDI IN INDIA After getting independence in 1947, the government of India image a socialist approach based on the USSR system to developing the countrys economy.The function decade of the 20th century witnessed a drastic increase in foreign direct investment (FDI), accompanied by a marked change in the attitude of most developing countries towards inward investment. FDI flows have grown in importance relative to other forms of international capital flows, and the resulting production has increase as a share of world output.. FDI in India has in a lot of ways enabled India to strike a certain degree of financial stability, growth and development during recession.This money has allow ed India to focus on the areas that whitethorn have needed economic attention and address various problems that continue to challenge the country. The factors that attracted investment in India are stable economic policies, availability of cheap and quality human resources, and opportunities of new unexplored markets. mostly FDI are flowing in service sector and manufacturing sector recorded very low investments. The investments in service sector enhanced the benefit of flow of funds to the home country. Presently India is contributing close 17% of world total population but the share of GDP to world GDP is 2%.India has been ranked at the second place in global foreign direct investments in 2010 and will continue to remain among the top five attractive destinations for international investors during 2010-12 period, according to United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) in a report on world investment prospects titled, World Investment Prospects Survey 2009-2012. According to the fact sheet on foreign direct investment dated October 2010. Mauritius is the highest FDI investment in equity inflows with 42% of the total inflow followed by Singapore, USA, UK and Netherlands with 9%, 7%, 5% and 4% respectively.Service sector is the highest FDI attracting inflows with 21% of the total inflows, followed by computer software and hardware, telecommunication and housing and real estate with 9%, 8%, 7% and 7% inflows respectively. A report released in February 2010 by Leeds University billet School, commissioned by UK Trade amp Investment (UKTI), ranks India among the top three countries where British companies can do better business during 2012-14. According to Ernst and Youngs 2010 European Attractiveness Survey, India is ranked as the poop most attractive foreign direct investment destination in 2010.

Judith Guest’s “Ordinary People”

Ordinary spate Ordinary People by Judith Guest is the story of a dysfunctional family who relate to one other through a series of extensive defense mechanisms, i. e. an unconscious process whereby reality is distorted to conquer or prevent anxiety. The book opens with seventeen year old Conrad, son of upper middle-class Beth and Calvin Jarrett, legal residence subsequently eight months in a psychiatric hospital, thither because he had attempted self-importance-annihilation by slashing his wrists. His mother is a meticulously orderly person who, J ard, through projection, touchs despises him.She does all the right things attending to J ards physical eeds, keeping a spotless home, plays golf and bridge with other women in her social circle, but, in her own words is an emotional cripple. Jareds father, raised in an orphanage, seems anxious to please everyone, a prosaic reaction of individuals who, as children, experienced parental indifference or inconsistency. Though a success ful value attorney, he is jumpy around Conrad, and, according to his wife, drinks also m any martinis. Conrad seems consumed with discouragement.A return to normalcy, school and home-life, step up to be to a greater extent than Conrad can handle. Chalk- typesetters cased, hair-hacked Conrad seems bent on erpetuating the family myth that all is well in the world. His family, after all, are people of good taste. They do non discuss a problem in the face of the problem. And, besides, there is no problem. Yet, there is not one problem in this family but two Conrads suicide and the death by drowning of Conrads older brother, Buck. Conrad eventually contacts a psychiatrist, Dr. Berger, because he feels the air is full of flying deoxyephedrine and wants to feel in control.Their initial sessions to irritateher frustrate the psychiatrist because of Conrads inability to express his feelings. Berger cajoles him into expressing his emotions by saying, Thats what happens when you unsay this junk, kiddo. It keeps resurfacing. Wont leave you alone. Conrads slow but steady journey towards healing seems kick downstairsially the result of cathartic revelations which hurtle guilt feelings regarding his brothers death and his familys denial of that death, plus the love of a good woman.Jeannine, who sings soprano to Conrads tenor in that location is no doubt that Conrad is consumed with guilt, the feeling one has when one acts contrary to a role he has assumed while interacting with a ignificant person in his life, This guilt engenders in Conrad feelings of low self esteem. Survivors of horrible tragedies, such as the Holocaust, frequently express similar feelings of worthlessness. In his book, Against All Odds, William Helmreich relates how one survivor articulates a feeling of abandonment. Did I abandon them, or did they abandon me? Conrad expresses a similar thought in recall the sequence of events when the sailboat they were on turned over.Buck soothes Conrad saying, Okay, okay. Theyll be looking now, for sure, just hang on, dont posit tired, promise? In an imagined conversation ith his dead brother, Conrad asks, Man, whyd you let go? Because I got tired. The hell You never get tired, not before me, you dont You tell me not to get tired, you tell me to hang on, and then you let go I couldnt help it. Well, screw you, then Conrad feels terrible anger with his brother, but cannot comfortably express that anger.His psychiatrist, after needling Conrad, asks, Are you mad? When Conrad responds that he is not mad, the psychiatrist says, Now that is a lie. You are mad as hell. Conrad asserts that, When you let yourself feel, all you feel is lousy. When his psychiatrist questions im slightly his relationship with his mother, Calvin says, My mother and I do not connect. Why should it bother me? My mother is a very private person. This sort of response is called, in mental literature, rationalization. We see Conrads anger and aggression is displaced, i. e. vented on another, as when he physically attacked a schoolmate.Yet, he also turns his anger on himself and expresses in extreme and dangerous depression and guilt. Guilt is a normal emotion felt by most people, but among survivors it takes on special meaning. Most feel guilty ab come on the death of loved ones whom they feel they could ave, or should have, saved. Some feel guilty about situations in which they behaved selfishly (Conrad held on to the boat even after his brother let go), even if there was no other way to survive. In answer to a query from his psychiatrist on when he last got really mad, Conrad responds, When it comes, theres always too much of it.I dont know how to handle it. When Conrad is finally able to express his anger, Berger, the psychiatrist says to Calvin, Razoring is anger self-mutilation is anger. So this is a good sign turning his anger superficial at last. Because his family, and especially his mother, frowns upon ublic displays of emotion, Conrad keeps his feelings bottled up, which further contributes to depression. Encyclopedia Britannica, in explicating the dynamics of depression states, Upon close study, the attacks on the self are revealed to be unconscious expressions of disappointment and anger toward another person, or even a item deflected from their real direction onto the self.The aggression, therefore, directed toward the outside world is turned against the self. The article further asserts that, There are three cardinal psychodynamic considerations in depression (1) a deep sense of loss of what is oved or valued, which may be a person, a thing or even liberty (2) a conflict of interracial feelings of love and hatred toward what is loved or highly valued (3) a heightened overcritical concern with the self. Conrads parents are also busily engaged in the business of denial.Calvin, Conrads father, says, Dont worry. Everything is all right. By his own admission, he drinks too much, because drinki ng helps , deadening the pain. Calvin cannot tolerate conflict. Things must go smoothly. Everything is jello and pudding with you, Dad. Calvin, the orphan says, brokenheartedness is ugly. It is something to be afraid of, to get id of. Safety and order. Definitely the priorities of his life. He constantly questions himself as to whether or not he is a good father.What is fatherhood, anyway? Beth, Conrads mother, is very self-possessed. She appears to have a highly developed super-ego, that part of an individuals personality which is moralistic , meeting the demands of social convention, which can be irrational in requiring certain behaviors in spite of reason, convenience and common sense. She is furthermore, a perfectionist. Everything had to be perfect, never mind the impossible blow it worked on her, on hem all. Conrad is not unlike his mother. He is an overachiever, an A student, on the swim team up and a list-maker.His father tells the psychiatrist, I see her not be able t o forgive him. For surviving, maybe. No, thats not it, for being too much like her. A psychoanalyst might call her anal retentive. Someone who is fixated symbolically in orderliness and a tendency toward perfectionism. Excessive self-control, not expressing feelings, guards against anxiety by controlling any expression of emotion and denying emotional investment in a thing or person. She had not cried at the funeral. She and Conrad had been strong and calm throughout.The message of the book is contained in Bergers glib saying that, People who keep ladened upper lips find that its damn hard to smile. We see Conrad moving toward recovery and the successful worry of his stage of development, as articulated by Erikson, intimacy vs. isolation. At story end, his father is more open with Conrad, moving closer to him, while his mother goes off on her own to work out her issues. Both trying to realize congruence in their development stage (Erikson), ego integrity vs. despair.